Igualdad de género y disposiciones sobre cuotas: un desarrollo sostenible en la participación de las mujeres en la política en Pakistán.

Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Afzaal; Samina Akhtar; Shabbir Ahmad

doi:10.46377/dilemas.v32i1.2044

Muhammad Imran School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang Distt.
Muhammad Afzaal School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
Samina Akhtar School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
Shabbir Ahmad School of Foreign Languages, Nanjing University, China.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46377/dilemas.v32i1.2044

Palabras clave: roles de género, igualdad de género, disposiciones de cuotas, oficinas públicas, Pakistán

Resumen

Este estudio, a través de un método descriptivo cualitativo, examina la naturaleza de los marcos socioculturales, las reglas formales e informales de selección de candidatos, estructuras de poder y sistemas de cuotas en los partidos políticos en Pakistán. Además, este artículo destaca el proceso de democracia, las prácticas institucionales y de reclutamiento y su impacto en la participación sustantiva de las mujeres, su representación en la formulación de políticas y la legislación en Pakistán. Este documento sugiere que la planificación a largo plazo para la igualdad de género es muy necesaria en lugar de los sistemas de cuotas a corto plazo porque las mujeres pueden representar mejor los problemas de las mujeres al participar en los grupos de toma de decisiones de las comunidades, ya sean nacionales o nacionales.

Citas

Bari, F. 2015. Bridging the Fault Lines? Rethinking the Gender Quota Approach in Pakistan. pp. 7-21.

Beaman, L., Chattopadhyay, R., Duflo, E., Pande, R. & Topalova, P. (2009). Powerful women: Does exposure reduce bias? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124, 1497–1540.

Cowley, P., & Childs, S. (2003). Too spineless to rebel? New Labour’s women MPs. British Journal of Politics Science, 33, 345–365.

Dahlerup, D. (2006). Women. Quotas and politics. London and New York: Routledge.

De Paola, M., Scoppa, V., & De Benedetto, M. (2012), The impact of gender quotas on electoral participation: Evidence from Italian municipalities. Working paper no. 06 - 2012, Universita della Calabria.

Franceschet, S., Krook, M. L., & Piscopo, J. M. (2012). The impact of gender quotas. New York and London: Oxford University, Press.

Karnataka, India. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 16, 445–463.

Krook, M. L. (2009). Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection worldwide. New York and London: Oxford University Press.

Kudva, N. (2003). “Engineering elections: The experiences of women in Panchayati Raj”. In Maríiyah, C. 2003. The Political Representation of Women in Indonesia: How Can It Be Achieved?

McAllister, I., & Studlar, D. T. (2002). Electoral systems and women’s representation: A long- term perspective. Representation, 39, 3–14.

McDonagh, E. (2002). Political citizenship and democratization: The gender paradox.

Mumtaz, K. (2005). Women’s representation, effectiveness, and leadership in South Asia. Paper presented at the fifth South Asia regional ministerial conference on the Celebrating Beijing Plus Ten, Islamabad: Pakistan.

Mumtaz, K. (2018). Is Pakistan’s Gender Quota in Parliament showing results?

Nanivadekar, M. (2006). Are quotas a good idea? Politics & Gender, 2, 119–128

Paxton, P., & Hughes, M. M. (2007). Women, politics, and power: A global perspective. Los Angeles, CA: Pine Forge Press.

Paxton, P., & Kunovich, S. (2003). Women’s political representation: The importance of ideology. Social Forces, 28, 87–114.

Pitkin. H. (2012) "Concept of Representation" Revisited Introduction. Politics and Gender 8(4):508-512

Powley, E. (2007). Rwanda: The impact of women legislators on policy outcomes affecting children and families. The state of the world’s children 2007: Background paper. Geneva: UNICEF.

Raabe, K., Sekher, M., & Birner, R. (2009). The effects of political reservations for women on local governance and rural service provision. IFPRI Discussion Paper 00878, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Rehfeld, A. (2009). "Representation rethought: on trustees, delegates, and gyroscopes in the study of political representation and democracy." American political science review 103, no. 2 (2009): 214-230.

Reyes, Socorro L. 2002. “Quotas in Pakistan: A Case Study.” Paper presented at the International IDEA Workshop “The Implementation of Quotas: Asian Experiences,” Jakarta, Indonesia, September 25, 2002.

Rudman, Laurie & Fairchild, Kimberly. (2004). Reactions to counter stereotypic Behavior: The Role of Backlash in Cultural Stereotype Maintenance.

Skjeie, H. (1991). The rhetoric of difference: On women’s inclusion into political elites. Politics & Society, 19, 233–263.

Tripp, A. M. (2006). Uganda: Agents of change for women’s advancement? In G. Bauer & H. E. Britton (Eds.), Women in African parliaments (pp. 111–132). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.