Enmarcar el terrorismo por los medios: las inevitables coacciones. 

  • Muhammad Anwar Gomal University; KKKUK
  • Muhammad Wasim Akbar Department of Communication & Media Studies, Gomal University
Palabras clave: Medios, encuadre, terrorismo

Resumen

Los medios juegan un papel importante en la elaboración de actividades terroristas y aunque los medios de comunicación se han utilizado de diferentes maneras para cubrir actividades relacionadas con el terrorismo; no está claro por qué y cómo se usan los medios para enmarcar el terrorismo. El artículo evalúa la psique de los medios sobre la representación del terrorismo. El estudio actual ha llevado a cabo una revisión narrativa no sistemática de la literatura existente sobre la psique de los medios y el terrorismo. Los medios de comunicación pueden enmarcar positivamente el terrorismo para crear conciencia contra el terrorismo y al mismo tiempo pueden promoverlo negativamente al difundir la violencia entre el público para proyectar contenidos relacionados con el terrorismo. 

Citas

Bilgen, A. (2012). Terrorism and the Media: A Dangerous Symbiosis. 2012: E-International Relations.

Brown, R. (2004). Clausewitz in the age of CNN: Rethinking the military-media relationship. Framing Terrorism: The News Media, the Government, and the Public, 2003: 3-23

Carragee, K. M., & Roefs, W. (2004). The neglect of power in recent framing research.Journal of communication, 54 (2), 214-233.

Cassese, A. (2006). The multifaceted criminal notion of terrorism in international law”.Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4 (5), 933-958.

Chong, D., & Druckman. J. N. (2007). Framing theory”.Annual Review of Political Science 10, 103-126.

Cissel, M. (2012). Media framing: A comparative content analysis on mainstream and alternative news coverage of Occupy Wall Street. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 3 (1), 67-77.

Combs, C. C. (2015). Terrorism in the twenty-first century. (2015) Routledge.

Corey, S. (2016). Media’s Relationship With Terrorism. Available Online.

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. 2017: Sage publications.

D'Angelo, P., & Kuypers, J. A. (2010). Doing News Framing Analysis: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives. 2010: Taylor & Francis.

Dietz, M., & Garrelts, H. (2014). Routledge Handbook of the Climate Change Movement. 2014: Taylor & Francis.

Enders, W., Sandler, T. (2011). The political economy of terrorism. The Cambridge University Press.

Esser, F., & Hanitzsch, K. (2013). The Handbook of Comparative Communication Research. Taylor & Francis.

Fairhurst, G.T. (2010). The power of framing: Creating the language of leadership. 290. 2010: John Wiley & Sons.

Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making & unmaking of the new left. University of California Press.

Gorp, V. B. (2007). “The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back”.Journal of communication, 57 (1), 60-78.

Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (2010). Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media. Random House.

Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside terrorism. Columbia University Press.

IMS. (2009). Between radicalization and democratization in an unfolding conflict: Media in Pakistan, Published by International Media Support 2009.

Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. R. (2010). News that matters: Television and American opinion. (2010): University of Chicago Press.

Kahneman, D., (2002). Maps of bounded rationality: A perspective on intuitive judgment and choice. Nobel prize lecture, 8, 351-401.

Kydd, A. H., & Walter, B. F. (2006). The strategies of terrorism”.International Security 31 (1), 49-80.

Lewis, J. (2005). Language wars: The role of media and culture in global terror and political violence. Pluto Press.

Nacos, B. L. (2006). Terrorism/counterterrorism and media in the age of global communication. in United Nations University Global Seminar Second Shimame-Yamaguchi Session, Terrorism, A Global Challenge.

Otieno, C., Spada, H., & Renkl, A. (2013). Effects of news frames on perceived risk, emotions, and learning. PloS one 8 (11), 342-366.

Riaz, M. (2008). The Relationship between the Public and Print Media Agendas on National Issues in Pakistan, PhD thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Allama Iqbal Open University.

Rohner. D., F. (2007). Blood and ink! The common-interest-game between terrorists and the media. Public Choice, 133, 129-145.

Schuck, A. R., & Vreese, C. H. (2006). Between risk and opportunity news framing and its effects on public support for EU enlargement .European Journal of Communication, 21 (1), 05-32.

Siddique, A. (2014). The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Hurst.

Vasterman, P., Yzermans, C. J., & Dirkzwager, A. J. (2005). The role of the media and media hypes in the aftermath of disasters”. Epidemiologic Reviews, 27 (1), 107-114.

Vreese, C. H. (2005). News framing: Theory and typology”. Information design journal document design 13 (1), 51-62.

Walsh, J. (2010). Media attention to terrorist attacks: Causes and consequences. Institute for Homeland Security Solutions, Research Brief.

Weimann, G. (2005). The theater of terror: The psychology of terrorism and the mass media”. Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma 9 (3), 379-390.

Publicado
2020-01-01