Impacto social y educativo del comportamiento mediático digital contemporáneo: Nomofobia, causas y consecuencias.
Resumen
La presencia de Internet en todos los dispositivos y la necesidad de comunicarse, ha llevado al ser humano a pasar muchas horas frente a múltiples distracciones digitales, es inevitable que el comportamiento mediático se forme de manera impulsiva, incluso cuando afecta negativamente su vida. La Nomofobia, categorizada como la enfermedad del siglo XXI, está afectando en adolescentes y jóvenes mayoritariamente, provocando una progresión inevitable de este fenómeno. El presente manuscrito expresa valoraciones dependientes de literatura especializada, en el que varios investigadores abordan resultados del impacto social y educativo que ha producido el comportamiento mediático digital, realizando una visión panorámica del mal uso de los dispositivos móviles, considerado por muchos estudiosos, un problema social que emerge de forma silenciosa en nuestra sociedad contemporánea.Citas
Aguaded, J.I. (2012). La educomunicación. Una apuesta de mañana, necesaria para hoy. Aularia, 1(2). 259-261.
Area, M. (2012). Sociedad líquida, web 2.0 y alfabetización digital. Aula de Innovación Educativa, 202, 55-59.
Beranuy, M., Oberst, U., Carbonell, X., & Chamarro, A. (2009). Problematic Internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: The role of emotional intelligence. Computers in human behavior; 25(5), 1182-1187. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.001
Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J. G. (2005). Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone use. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8, 39–51. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2005.8.39
Billieux, J., & Van der Linden, M. (2012). Problematic use of the internet and self regulation: A review of the initial studies. The Open Addiction Journal, 5, 24-29. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/0qzYrk
Brand, M., Young, K. S., & Laier, C. (2014). Prefrontal control and Internet addiction: A theoretical model and review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 375, 1-13. doi: http://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00375
Brown, J.A. (1998). Media Literacy Perspectives. Journal of Communication, 48(1), 44-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb0273 6.x
Brugal, M.T., Rodríguez-Martos, A. y Villalbí, J.R. (2006). Nuevas y viejas adicciones: implicaciones para la salud pública. Gaceta Sanitaria, 20(1), 55-62. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/ug8sUo
Carbonell, X., Oberst, U., & Beranuy, M. (2013). The cell phone in the twenty-first century: A risk for addiction or a necessary tool? In: P. Miller (Ed.), Principles of addiction: Comprehensive addictive behaviors and disorders. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Recuperado de: http://doi.org/3h2
Castaño, C. y Cabero, J. (2013). Enseñar y aprender en entornos m-learning. Madrid: Editorial Síntesis.
Chae, S. & Lee, K. (2011). An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Smartphone Use on Addiction: Usage and Gratification approach. International journal on information, 14(9), 3113- 3126. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/DJ4Vwp
Charness, N., & Bosman, E. A. (1992). Human factors and age. In F. I. M. Craik, & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Chóliz, M (2012). Mobile-phone addiction in adolescence: The Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD). Health Sciences, 1, 33-44. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/SfA1OA
Chou, C., & Hsiao, M. C. (2000). Internet addiction, usage, gratification, and pleasure experience: The taiwan college students' case. Computers & Education, 35(1), 65-80. Recuperado de: http://221.224.56.74:88/lib/books/268/ts268087.pdf
Clarke, A. T. (2006). Coping with interpersonal stress and psychosocial health among children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(1), 10-23. doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-9001-x
Colás, P., González, T. y de Pablos, J. (2013). Juventud y redes sociales: Motivaciones y usos preferentes. [Young People and Social Networks: Motivations and Preferred Uses]. Comunicar, 40, 15-23. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C40-2013-02-01.
Duffy, A., Dawson, D. L., & das Nair, R. (2016). Pornography addiction in adults: A systematic review of definitions and reported impact. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13, 760–777. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.03.002
Echeburúa, E. & Corral, P. (2010). Addiction to new technologies and to online social networking in young people: A new challenge. Adicciones, 22(3), 91-95. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/EGd225
Echeburúa, E. (2013). Atrapados en las redes sociales: Revista Critica, 1(5). Recuperado de https://goo.gl/xV0HOi
Frangos, C. C., Frangos, K. C., & Kiohos, A. (2010). Internet addiction among Greek university students: Demographic associations with the phenomenon, using the Greek version of Young's Internet Addiction Test. International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, 3(1), 49-74. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/KOKbxg
Gabriel, (2013). Educar: a revolução digital na educação, São Paulo: Saraiva.
García, L., Hernández, R., Torno, L., Rodríguez, R., y Rodríguez, O. (2005). Telefonía móvil celular: origen, evolución, perspectivas. Ciencias Holguín, 1, 1-8. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/AJrDYx
Gil, F., del Valle, G., Oberst, U. y Chamarro, A. (2015). Nuevas tecnologías - ¿Nuevas patologías? El smartphone y el fear of missing out. Revista de Psicología, Ciencias de la Educación - Aloma, 33(2). 77-83. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/WsHzOp
Gozálvez, V. y Aguaded, J.I. (2012). Educación para la autonomía para en sociedades mediáticas. Análisi, 45, 1-15. doi: 10.7238/a.v0i45.1326
Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet sex addiction: A review of empirical research. Addiction Research & Theory, 20(2), 111–124. doi: 10.3109/16066359.2011.588351
Gutierrez, L., Marquez, V. & Aguilera, G. (2016). Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire in Nursing Studies. CIN Computers Informatics Nursing, 34(10), 470-475. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/m2H1TK
Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2004). Millennials rising: The next great generation. New York: Vintage Books.
Jenaro, C., Flores, N., Gomez-Vela, M., Gonzalez-Gil, F., & Caballo, C. (2007). Problematic internet and cell-phone use: Psychological, behavioral, and health correlates. Addiction Research & Theory, 15(3), 309-320. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/wNCLbt
Kamibeppu, K. y Sugiura, H. (2005). Impact of the mobile phone on junior high-school students’ friends hips in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8, 121-130. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2005.8.121
King, A. L. S., Valença, A. M., & Nardi, A. E. (2010). Nomophobia: the mobile phone in panic disorder with agoraphobia: reducing phobias or worsening of dependence? Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 23(1), 52-54. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e3181b7eabc
King, A. L. S., Valença, A. M., Silva, A. C. O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M. R., & Nardi, A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia? Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140-144. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.025.
King, A. L. S., Valença, A. M., Silva, A. C., Sancassiani, F., Machado, S., & Nardi, A.E. (2014). “Nomophobia”: Impact of Cell Phone Use Interfering with Symptoms and Emotions of Individuals with Panic Disorder Compared with a Control Group. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health: CP & EMH, 10, 28-35. doi: 10.2174/1745017901410010028
Kraus, S. W., Voon, V., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction? Addiction, 111, 2097–2106. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/add.13297
Kwon, M., Lee, J. Y., Won, W. Y., Park, J. W., Min, J. A., Hahn, C., et al. (2013). Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS One, 8(2), 1-7. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
LaRose, R., Lin, C. A., & Eastin, M. S. (2003). Unregulated Internet usage: Addiction, habit, or deficient self-regulation? Media Psychology, 5(3), 225-253. doi: 10.1207/S1532785XMEP0503_01
Lee, A.Y.L. & So, C.Y.K. (2014). Alfabetización mediática y alfabetización informacional: similitudes y diferencias. Comunicar, 42(21), 137-146. doi: 10.3916/C42-2014-13
Lee, Y. K., Chang, C. T., Lin, Y., & Cheng, Z. H. (2014). The dark side of smartphone usage: Psychological traits, compulsive behavior and technostress. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 373-383. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/5tmzS0
Lenhart, A., Purcell, K., Smith, A., & Zickuhr, K. (2010). Social media & mobile internet use among teens and young adults. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/EyFg9h
Lopez-Fernandez, O., Honrubia-Serrano, L., Freixa-Blanxart, M., & Gibson, W. (2014). Prevalence of problematic mobile phone use in British adolescents. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and social networking, 17(2), 91-98. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/m3TgGh
McLuhan, M., & Nevitt, B. (1972). Take Today: The Executive as Dropout, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovish.
Miharaa, A., Osakib, Y., Nakayamaa, H., Sakumaa, H., Ikedac, M., Itanid, O., Kaneitad, Y., Kandae, H., Ohidac, T. & Higuchi, S. (2016). Internet use and problematic Internet use among adolescents in Japan: A nationwide representative survey. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 4, 58-64, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2016.10.001
Muñoz-Rivas, M. J. y Agustín, S. (2005). La adicción al teléfono móvil. Psicología Conductual, 13, 481-493. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/CdKR56
Nieves, I. (2014). Tecnologías y su impacto en el entorno social y empresarial: nomofobia y phubbing. Revista APEC, 30, 176-188. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/TKbZAG
Oulasvirta, A., Rattenbury, T., Ma, L., & Raita, E. (2012). Habits make smartphone use more pervasive. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 105-114. doi: 10.1007/s00779-011-0412-2
Parker, J. D., Taylor, R. N., Eastabrook, J. M., Schell, S. L., & Wood, L. M. (2008). Problem gambling in adolescence: Relationships with internet misuse, gaming abuse and emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(2), 174-180. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/u5GJeD
Plaza, J. (2016). Impacto de las redes sociales virtuales en estudiantes adolescentes: Informe de investigación/Virtual Social nets Impact on Teenage Students: a Research Report. Revista Internacional de Tecnologías en la Educación, 3(1), 53-63
Potter, W.J. (2010). The State of Media Literacy. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(4), 675-696. doi:10.1080/08838151.2011.521462
Przybylski, A.K., Murayama, K., DeHaan C.R. & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behaviour, 29, 1841–1848. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014.
Putnam, Hilary. (2009) El Pragmatismo. Madrid, Gedisa
Rial, A., Gómez, P., Braña, T., & Varela, J. (2014). Actitudes, percepciones y uso de Internet y las redes sociales entre los adolescentes de la comunidad gallega (España). Anales de Psicología, 30(2), 642-655.
Rosen, L. D. (2012), iDisorder: Understanding Our Obsession with Technology and Overcoming Its Hold on Us, Hardcover – Bargain Price. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/F9kB8h
Sánchez-Carbonell, X., Beranuy, M., Castellana, M., Chamarro, A. y Oberst, U. (2008). La adicción a Internet y al móvil: ¿moda o trastorno? Adicciones, 20(2), 149-1609. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/zXj62m
Sandoval, Y. y Aguaded, J.I. (2012). Nuevas audiencias, nuevas responsabilidades. La competencia mediática en la era de la convergencia digital. Icono 14, 10(3), 8-22. doi: 10.7195/ri14.v10i3.197
SecurEnvoy, (2012). 66% of the population suffer from Nomophobia the fear of being without their phone. Recuperado de: https://goo.gl/oPRWu2
Shaffer, H. J. (1996). Understanding the means and objects of addiction: Technology, the internet, and gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12(4), 461-469. doi: 10.1007/BF01539189
Shih, D., Chen, C., Chiang, H., Shih, M. (2012). Explore dependency syndrome on mobile phone user. International Journal of Mobile Communications 10(5), 475-489. doi: 10.1504/IJMC.2012.048882.
Škařupová, K., Ólafsson, K. & Blinka, L. (2016). The effect of smartphone use on trends in European adolescents’ excessive Internet use. Behaviour & information Technology, 35(1), 68-74. doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2015.1114144
Street, B. (2003). What’s ‘new’ in New Literacy Studies? Critical Approaches to Literacy in Theory and Practice. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 5(2), 77-91. Recuperado de http://goo.gl/t28kc2
Tirado, R., Hernando, A., García-Ruiz, R., Santibáñez, J., & Marín-Gutiérrez, I. (2012). La competencia mediática en personas mayores. Propuesta de un instrumento de evaluación. Icono14, 10(3), 134-158. doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v10i3.211
Turkle, S. (5, febrero, 2012). ¿Conectados pero solos? [TEDx]. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/tx3SwU
UNESCO (2012). Media and Information Literacy. Communication and Information. Recuperado de: www.unesco.org/new/en/communicationandinformation/media-development/media-literacy/mil-as-composite-concept
Van Deursen, A. J., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., & Kommers, P. A. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender. Computers in human behavior, 45, 411-420. Recuperado de http://doc.utwente.nl/95319/
Weinstein, A., & Lejoyeux, M. (2010). Internet addiction or excessive internet use. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 36(5), 277-283. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2010.491880
Whang, L. S. M., Lee, S., & Chang, G. (2003). Internet over-users' psychological profiles: A behavior sampling analysis on internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6(2), 143-150. doi: 10.1089/109493103321640338
Yildirim, C. & Correia, A. (2015). Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-report questionnaire. Computer in Human Behavior, 49, 130-137. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.059
Yildirim, C., Sumuer, E., Adnan, M. & Yildirim, S. (2016). A growing fear: Prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. SAGE, 32(5), 1322-1331. doi: 10.1177/0266666915599025
Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244. doi: https://goo.gl/fFEfAy
Young, K. S. (1999). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation and treatment. In L. Van de Creek, & X. Jackson (Eds.), Vol. 17. Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (pp. 19e31). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
Young, K., & Abreu, C. (2011). Internet addiction. A handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Yu, J. J., Kim, H., & Hay, I. (2013). Understanding adolescents' problematic Internet use from a social/cognitive and addiction research framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2682- 2689. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/9VxkmU








