Deliberative democracy education as the basis of religious tolerance.
Abstract
Lately, violence against believers is very high. With regard to the increasingly widespread cases of intolerance which are a result of the immaturity of education regarding civil rights in religion, this article uses a literature review combined with an analysis of Habermas's concept of "public space" to make formulations for building tolerance, including communication and openness of equal rights in public spaces. This study focused on deliberately planting the value of democracy, with the aim of making society more democratic, intense introduction to each element of multi-religious community through citizen discussion forums. With the results, the process of deliberative democracy through discussion of public space is able to establish tolerance among religious people.
References
Adeney, W.F. (1926). Toleration in Hastings, James. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics. Vol 12. Edinburgh: T & T Clark. p 361.
Ali, Mohammad Daud. (1986). Islam Untuk Disiplin Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik. Jakarta: CV Wirabuana.
Arief, Yuvantra, (2015). Orde Media : Kajian Televisi dan Media di Indonesia Pasca-Orde Baru. INSISTPress, Yogyakarta.
Calhoun, C (ed.) (1992). Habermas and the Public Sphere, (London: The MIT Press).
Robert A. Dowd. (2014). Religius Diversity and Religious Tolerance : Lessons From Nigeria, Journal of Conflict Resolution 2016, Vol. 60(4) 617-644 The Author(s).
Evan Stewart, Penny Edgell, and Jack Delehanty. (2017). The Politics of Religious Prejudice and Tolerance for Cultural Others, Journal of The Sociological Quarterly.
Finlayson, G. (2005). Habermas: A Very Short Introduction, (Oxford: Oxford UP), 55.
Fraser, N. (1990). “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy,” Social Text (25/26/1990): 65.
Hardiman, Budi, (2009) Demokrasi Deliberatif. Yogyakarta : Kanisius.
Hassan, M. K. and Basri, G. B. (2005). Encyclopedia of Malaysia; Religions and Beliefs. Singapore, Archipelago Press.
Ihsan, Bakir. (2009). Menebar Toleransi Menyemai Harmoni. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Johnstone, R. L. (2004). Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
Jurgen Habermas, (2003). Intolerance and discrimination, Oxford University Press and New York University School of Law, LCON, Volume 1, Number 1, pp 2-12).
Laura Kurth & Pieter Glasbergen, (2017). The influence of populism on tolerance: a thematic content analysis of the Dutch Islam debate Culture and Religion, an Interdiciplinary Journal. 18:3, 212-231, DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2017.1358194.
Laursen, J. C. (2005). Toleration. In Horowitz, M.C. New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. London: Thomson Gale. v. 6 p. 2337.
Martin Ruitenberg, (2010). Conflict, Affect, and Political: On disagreement as democratic capacity. In factic Pax, 4(1).
Nur Farhana Abdul Rahman & Khadijah Mohd Khambali., (2013). Religious Tolerance in Malaysia: Problems and Challenges International Journal of Islamic Thought Vol. 3: (June) 83.
Nehushtan, Y. (2007). “The Limits of Tolerance: A Substantive-liberal Perspective.” Ratio Juris 20 (2): 230–257. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9337.2007.00357.x.
Newman, J. (1978) “The Idea of Religious Tolerance.” American Philosophical Quarterly 15 (3): 187–195.
Martin Sammuelson. (2018). Democracy & Education, vol 26 no 1, education for deliberatif democracy and the aim of consensus.
Subijanto, R. (2014). The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti- Imperialism. Immanuel Ness dan Saër Maty Bâ (eds.), Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
A.T. Talib & Sarjit S. Gill. (2012). Global journal of human socialscience, volume XII issue VIII version I may.








