Integrated statistical inference for software effort estimation based on incomplete historical data.
Abstract
Inaccurate estimation of effort in software development leads to functional non-compliance and significant deviations in planned cost, time, and resources. To address this problem, this study proposes a novel data imputation scheme called Integrated Statistical Inference (ISI), which combines imputation by mean or mode with a proposed method based on statistical information from software projects (ISPI). The ISI scheme allowed for the imputation of 29% of the missing data in a random sample from the ISBSG repository. Additionally, a regression model was developed to predict effort, achieving an MMRE value of 14.05%, considered acceptable in the literature.
References
Abnane, I., & Idri, A. (2016). Evaluating Fuzzy Analogy on incomplete software projects data. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCI.2016.7849922.
Abnane, I., & Idri, A. (2018). Improved Analogy-Based Effort Estimation with Incomplete Mixed Data. 2018 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 1015- 1024. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8511226
Amazal, F. A., Idri, A., & Abran, A. (2019). Analysis of cluster center initialization of 2FA- kprototypes analogy-based software effort estimation. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process, 31(12), e2180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.2180.
Azzeh, M., & Elsheikh, Y. (2017). Learning best K analogies from data distribution for case-based software effort estimation (arXiv:1703.04567). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1703.04567.
Chinthanet, B., Phannachitta, P., Kamei, Y., Leelaprute, P., Rungsawang, A., Ubayashi, N., & Matsumoto, K. (2016). A review and comparison of methods for determining the best analogies in analogy-based software effort estimation. Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 1554-1557. https://doi.org/10.1145/2851613.2851974.
Ezghari, S., & Zahi, A. (2018). Uncertainty management in software effort estimation using a consistent fuzzy analogy-based method. Applied Soft Computing, 67, 540-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2018.03.022.
González-Ladrón-de-Guevara, F., Fernández-Diego, M., & Lokan, C. (2016). The usage of ISBSG data fields in software effort estimation: A systematic mapping study. Journal of Systems and Software, 113, 188-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.11.040.
Hosni, M., Idri, A., & Abran, A. (2017). Investigating heterogeneous ensembles with filter feature selection for software effort estimation. Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Software Measurement and 12th International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement, 207- 220. https://doi.org/10.1145/3143434.3143456.
Huang, J., Li, Y. F., Keung, J. W., Yu, Y. T., & Chan, W. K. (2017). An empirical analysis of three- stage data-preprocessing for analogy-based software effort estimation on the ISBSG data. Proceedings - 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security, QRS 2017, 442- 449. https://doi.org/10.1109/QRS.2017.54.
Idri, A., Abnane, I., & Abran, A. (2016). Missing data techniques in analogy-based software development effort estimation. Journal of Systems and Software, 117, 595-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.04.058.
Iok Kuan, S. W. (2017). Factors on Software Effort Estimation. International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications, 8(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijsea.2017.8103.
McConnell, S. (2006). Software estimation: Demystifying the black art. Microsoft Press.
Resmi, V., & Vijayalakshmi, S. (2019). Analogy-Based Approaches to Improve Software Project Effort Estimation Accuracy. Journal of Intelligent Systems, 29(1), 1468-1479. https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0023.
Shah, M. A., Jawawi, D. N. A., Isa, M. A., Wakil, K., & Younas, M. (2019). MINN : A Missing Data Imputation Technique for Analogy-based Effort Estimation. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2019.0100230.
Sigweni, B. B. (2016). An investigation of feature weighting algorithms and validation techniques using blind analysis for analogy-based estimation [Thesis, Brunel University London]. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12797.
Wu, D., Li, J., & Bao, C. (2018). Case-based reasoning with optimized weight derived by particle swarm optimization for software effort estimation. Soft Computing, 22(16), 5299-5310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2985-9.








