Mechanisms of direct democracy in Ecuador: constitutional recognition and limits of their practical application.

Abstract

This article analyzes the mechanisms of direct democracy in Ecuador based on the 2008 constitutional framework, from an integrated legal-political perspective. The objective is to examine the gap between participatory legal design and its effective functioning, considering popular consultation, popular legislative initiatives, and recall elections. Methodologically, it employs documentary analysis of constitutional and legal norms, as well as a critical review of democratic theory and studies on citizen participation. The results show that, despite advanced constitutional recognition, procedural overregulation, formalistic institutions, and a weak political culture limit the effective exercise of direct participation. It concludes that strengthening direct democracy requires coordinating legislation, institutions, and civic political education.