Federalismo, 18a enmienda y construcción de la nación en Pakistán.
Resumen
Este documento arroja luz sobre la importancia del federalismo en la construcción de la nación, analizando en qué medida la Enmienda 18 ha fortalecido a la federación de Pakistán, y de ahí, qué papel ha jugado el federalismo en la construcción de la nación. Para Pakistán, el sistema federal es la penitencia de tales demandas y problemas, mientras que la enmienda 18 ha dado un curso definitivo que conduce a la construcción de la nación al avanzar ciertas medidas, que de adoptarse, pueden obtener resultados alentadores; es difícil ignorar la importancia de las instituciones políticas. La gobernanza inclusiva y descentralizada permitiría a la federación de Pakistán desempeñar su papel en la construcción de la nación a través de intereses e identidades complacientes.
Citas
Abbasi, Z. F. (2010). Democracy, Growth and Governance. The News-Political Economy Section, Lahore.
Abdullah, S. A. (2010). Political Economy of Conflict: The Social Contract and Conflict in Pakistan (Ph.D. Thesis) Netherlands: Erasmus University of Rotterdam, International Institute for Social Studies, Mimeo. Retrieved from: http://repub.eur.nl/pub/18490/.
Adeney, K. (2012). A Step Towards Inclusive Federalism in Pakistan? The Politics of the 18th Amendment, the Journal of Federalism, pp. 1-27.
Adeney, Katharine. (2012). A Step Towards Inclusive Federalism in Pakistan? The Politics of 18th Amendment, The Journal of Federalism, 1-27.
Ahmad, Mushtaq. (2009). Government and Politics in Pakistan. Karachi: Royal Book Company.
Ahmed, S. J. (2011). Inter-Governmental Relations in the Federal System of Pakistan: An Analysis of the Constitutional and Political Aspects,Pakistan Perspectives,16(2).
Aridic, J. (2016,). The Economic factor in Society. The Washington Post.
Ashtyn, E. (2016,). Consociational Federalism and problem Solving. The New York Times.
BNU. (2011). State of the Economy: Devolution in Pakistan (Fourth Annual Report). Institute of Public Policy, Lahore: Beacon house National University
Brown, D. (2012). Cooperative versus Competitive Federalism: Outcomes and Consequences of Intergovernmental Relations on Climate Change Issues in Canada. Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol. 32 (2).
Bukhari, Dr. Syed Mussawar Hussein, Kamran, Muhammad Faisal. (2013). Post 18th Amendment Segmental Autonomy: A Study of Hazara Movement, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4 (12).
Bunce, V. (2004). Federalism, Nationalism, and Secession: the Communist and Post-Communist Experience. Baltimore: Johnson Hopkins University Press.
Burki, S. J., & Dawood, R. (2015) Report of the Task Force on Private Sector Development. Islamabad: Planning Commission.
Chandio, J. (October, 2013). The Crisis of Federalism in Pakistan: Issues and Challenges. Understanding Pakistan, Islamabad: SPO.
Chaudhry, G. W. (2000). The Islamic Concept of State in Pakistan. Grover, Verinder: “Pakistan. Government and Politics in Asian countries”, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 483-487.
Choudhury, G. W. (2007). Constitutional Development in Pakistan. Royal Book Company.
Constable, P. (2011). Playing with Fire: Pakistan at War with Itself. New York: NY, Random House.
Faisal, M. (2010). Federalism: A Transitional Dilemma in Pakistan 1988-2010, (Unpublished M.A Thesis) submitted to the Department of Political Science, The Islamia university, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
General Elections Report, (2002) Vol. 1, Election Commission of Pakistan.
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq’s First address to the Nation on 5th July 1977.
Gilles, T. & Ranabir, S. (2008). Conflict, Power and the Landscape of Constitutionalism. UK: Routledge.
Gordin, Jorge P. (2004). The Institutional Determinants of Fiscal Decentralization: Argentina and Spain in Comparative Perspective. VII Congress of Spanish Broadcast Science and Politics Administration: Democracy and Good Governance.
Government of Pakistan. (2011a). PRSP Annual Progress Report. Islamabad: Ministry of Finance Pakistan.
Grare, F. (2013). Baluchistan: The State versus the Nation. South Asia, Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Guelke, A. (2012). Politics in Deeply Divided Societies, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hanif, Muhammad and Khan, Muhammad Nawaz. (2012). Eighteen Amendment Revisited. In Nuri, Maqsud Hassan, Hanif, Muhammad and Khan, Muhammad Nawaz. (Eds.). Eighteen Amendment Revisited. Islamabad Policy Research Institute.
Donald L. Horowitz (2006). Constitutional Courts: A primer for Decision Makers, Journal of Democracy. Volume 17 Number 4,125-137.
Hussain, M. (2013). Journal of Political Studies, Department of Political Science. Lahore, University of the Punjab. ISSN.2308-8338 Vol. 20, Issue-1 Summer- 2013.
Hussain, M., & Kokab, R. (2013). Institutional influence in Pakistan: Bureaucracy, cabinet and parliament. Asian Social Science, 9(7), 173-178.
Hussain, S. S. (2010). Ayub, Bhutto and Zia: How they fell victim to their own plans. Lahore, Sang-e-Meel Publications.
Iqbal, M., & Khalid, S. (2010). Pakistan’s Relations with the United States During Ayub Khan's Period. Pakistani at: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 3(1), 13-24.
Kelly Nathan J., Witko, Christopher. (2012). Federalism and American Inequality, Journal of Politics, 74 (2), 414-426.
Khan, Z. (2013). Post 18th Amendment of the Constitution of Pakistan: A Critical Appraisal, SPO Discussion Paper Series, Islamabad: Strengthening Participatory Organization.
Lieven, Anatol (2011). Pakistan: A Hard Country, London: Penguin Books.
Mahmood, Dr. Safdar (2014). Hamare Siyyasi Culture ki Jehtain, (In Urdu, The Forms of Our Political Culture) Subh-e-Bakhiar, Jang, Rawalpindi.
Mahmood, Safdar (2013). Yadoon ke Jilmilate Charagh, (In Urdu, The Flashing Lights of memories), Jang, Rawalpindi.
Oldenburg, Philip (2010). India, Pakistan, and Democracy: Solving the Puzzle of Divergent Paths, New York: Rutledge.
Rizvi, H. A. (2000). The Military and Politics in Pakistan: 1947-1997. Lahore, Sang-e-Meel Publications.
Robertson, David (2002). A Dictionary of Modern Politics, London: Europa Publications.
Ryan, Erin. (2011). Negotiating Federalism, Boston College Law Review, 52 (1), 1-136.
Sattar, Babar. (2012). 18th Constitutional Amendment & Need for Passage of the 19th Constitutional Amendment. In Nuri, Maqsud Hassan, Hanif, Muhammad and Khan, Muhammad Nawaz. (Eds.). Eighteen Amendment Revisited. Islamabad Policy Research Institute.
Sayeed, K.B. (2001). Pakistan: The Formative Phase 1857-1948. Oxford University Press.
Sering, Senge H. (2009). Pakistan’s Divide and Rule Policy in Gilgit-Baltistan, Article No. 2980. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies: New Delhi, 9 October.7
Waseem, Dr. Mohammad. (2010). Federalism in Pakistan. Lahore: LUMS
Waseem, M. (2010). Federalism in Pakistan, Islamabad: Forum of Federation and Centre for Civic Education.
Waseem, M. (2011a). Patterns of Conflict in Pakistan: Implications for Policy (No. 5), Washington: Brooking Institute. The paper was prepared for Brookings Working Paper series No. 5 for the Project on U. S Relations with the Islamic World.
Waseem, M. (2011b). Creating More Provinces, in Dawn, Lahore, May 31, 2011.
Wheare, K. C. (1963). Federal Government, London: Oxford University Press.
Wheeler, Richard S. (1970). The Politics of Pakistan: A Constitutional Quest. Cornell University Press.
Wilson, James, Q. (1986). American Government Institution and Politics, Washington D.C.: Heat and Canfency.
WPAD. (1948). West Punjab Assembly Debates, Official Report, 1(4).
WPLAD. (1948). West Punjab Legislative Assembly Debates, Official Report, 1(3).
Yadev, K.C. (1987). Elections in Punjab1920-1947. New Delhi: Manohar Publications.
Yusuf, I., Arzai, A. H., Umah, A., Magaji, N., Salisu, N., Tukur, A., & Hamid, K. M. (2011). Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Tuberculosis Patients in Kano, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 182-185.
Zaidi, S. Akbar, (2011). Military, Civil Society and Democracy in Pakistan, Lahore: Vanguard.
