Criminalization of Espionage from the point of view of Jurisprudence and Substantive Law.

Abstract

Espionage is a concept which deals with the activity of anyone who is secretly or inappropriately gathering information for the benefit of the enemies. This concept is described as a guilty deed for having the conditions stated in the jurisprudential sources and laws. By evaluation of Quranic and narrative teachings, researchers have investigated the grounds for criminalization, according to John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism theory, and the theory of Refinement or filtering, which anticipates the criminalization process by providing Three-fold filters. The findings will be applicable to the entire global security institutions, agencies and organizations.